When It Rains It pours; Mushrooms!

It seems to me every September it has been a kind of tradition to have a study session for mushrooms among Kanagawa Forest Instructors. Though, these two years the programme was cancelled due to visits of typhoons. This September senior instructors told me “Well, it’s a sort of blessing in disguise. We cannot find much mushrooms now in our forest!” It was true. Although we had lots of rain this summer, it was still damned hot in September. Mushrooms need the temperature down to 15°C to sprout. Among instructors there was a standard lamentation about climate change and global warming … Then in October, when we began to have cooler mornings, fungus burst out here and there. “Typhoons? So what?” was an atmosphere mushrooms carried. They are positively cool and cute. Majority of them are poisonous. Wonderful combination. 😈 This week I show you some of the photos I took for these funny creatures. Er, all the names are of my guessing work. You see? I have not had a chance to attend the seminar!

Honey-Capped Amanita (A. melleiceps Hongo). Poisonous.

Nameko mushroom (Pholiota microspore) … if my identification is correct, they must be tasty.

Lepiota acutesquamosa. Poisonous, but cute, don’t you think?

Sorry for this out-of-focus photo. I think they are Tsukiyotake (Omphalotus japoicus). They are luminous fungi so that if we find them after dark, they must emerge in dark vaguely … Romantic. Aaaaaaand, it is said that they are long-known tool for murder plots. In Konjaku Monogatarishu 今昔物語集 of the 12^th century Japan, there is a tale (#28-18). One of the subordinates of a famous monk tried to kill his superior in order to succeed the post of the boss. The murder weapon was Omphalotus japoicus. His attempt was in the end unsuccessful, but we know Japanese of the 12^th century recognized the power of this mushroom … Lessons learned here is, “Please be careful during rat race” whichever century you live.

Shaggy Chanterelle (Gomphus floccosus). Poisonous

Angel wing (Pleurocybella porrigens). Heavenly name, but poisonous. It seems to me there is a legend this mushroom is tasty. But its effect is deadly. After several incidences in 2009, not only Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, but also Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries issued emergency warnings.

Blusher (Amantia rubescens). Look like French country breads. Cute but POISONOUS.

Hedgehog Mushroom (Albatrellus confluens). Some reference books say the mushroom is milky white, but the others point out individual differences in colors. So, from its size (big) and peculiarly undulating umbrella it could be Albatrellus confluens. There is no clear-cut description about the toxicity of them, but they are now researched as ingredients for medicines. If they are effective for clinical use, I don’t think it is recommendable to consume them in volume …

Common Funnel (Clitocype gibba), though it could be Clitocype acromelalga. If latter, it gives eaters excruciating pain in their peripheral nerve. A wise keeps away from danger …

Shaggy scalycap (Pholiota squarrosa). Poisonous.

Sulphur tuft (Hypholoma fasciculare). Deadly.

Lyophyllum connatum. European name is White Domecap, but this site says Japanese ones are different. Poisonous, FYI.

I think it is Entoloma cyanonigrum … Although with this photo it’s not possible to see, it has a bluish stem. At least Japanese culture does not have a tradition to eat it as its color looks very poisonous. Poisonous or not, don’t you think it looks so elegant?


I felt it is rather rare to meet an edible mushroom in a forest … isn’t it? One thing is for sure. You can eat any one of them if you wish, at least once. Aka, there is no guarantee you have a second chance with them. 💀💀 Please play it safe. Perhaps, next year we would have mushroom study session in October …

If you find environmental issues in Kanagawa Prefecture, please make a contact with Kanagawa Natural Environment Conservation Center 神奈川県自然環境保全センター

657 Nanasawa, Atsugi City, 243-0121

〒243－0121　厚木市七沢657
Phone: 046-248-0323
You can send an enquiry to them by clicking the bottom line of their homepage at http://www.pref.kanagawa.jp/div/1644/

Inshallah; the Latest from Yadoriki Water Source Forest やどりき水源林

Recently after Typhoon Hagibis, I had a chance to go a bit further into Yadoriki Stream 寄沢. This week, I tell you how the forest is as of early November 2019. It seems to me the situation is somehow stabilized. But … anyway, I show you photos.

From the main gate of Yadoriki Water Source Forest やどりき水源林, there runs a forestry road to the beginning of a mountain trail to Mt. Nabewari 鍋割山 (ASL 1272.4m). Hagibis destroyed it in the middle with a cave-in and lots of landslides. The above photo was taken a week after Hagibis for the point where the subsidence occurred. An emergency plate was precariously put above a large hole. The place was/is strictly off-limit.

In early November, the Prefecture has completed a detour for hikers to go beyond the hole. This is a beginning of it. Please go straight the forestry road from the gate. Beyond the toilet on our left, there is this point on the right.

The new road is going up as such.

From the route, we can see what happened with the cave-in. At least, a repair work is going on.

This is a photo of 2018 where the subsidence happened. It was a family-friendly route …

Hagibis created, probably, a flash flood and landslides along the road. Now the place is not for kids but more for Indy Jones. I was really impressed by the scenery … It is a confirmation Tanzawa Mountains 丹沢 are fragile gravel layers pushed up from the bottom of Pacific Ocean by a tectonic crash of Philippines and North American Plates. Thin and sandy Hoei Scoria from Mt. Fuji, covering the area, could be easily washed away with a torrential rain of super-typhoons. Humans made earth retainers for kids to run along the road. They are all gone, completely destructed by the power of nature ... Awesome.

Near the end of the forestry road, there was a bridge crossing a small stream joining Yadoriki Stream. After Hagibis, the under-bridge was completely filled with gravel and large rocks down from higher altitude. Now the bridge is a part of river.

Just off the above “bridge” on the riverbed, there was an astonishing stock of Cirsium pupuratum, big-bloomed thistle which is Japanese-endemic and characteristically found around Mt. Fuji. (Its Japanese name is Fuji Thistle.) I took this photo in the middle of this September, just before super typhoons came … It’s all gone. I really hope we can meet them again along Yadoriki Stream in few years’ time …

Beyond the end of forestry road within Yadoriki Water Source Forest, it is a beginning of a mountain trail to the peak of Mt. Nabewari. In this route, we have to cross Yadoriki Stream numerous times before reaching to the ridge way. Already this August, the point has changed its face drastically due to a peculiarly long monsoon season. The river was too wide and deep to cross with standard climbing shoes. One of the senior forest instructors who knows the place for more than 30 years told me he has never seen the place this much of water …

Sure enough, super-typhoons brought more water and gravels/rocks from higher altitude. By the beginning of dry season this November, the valley is buried. The river runs completely different routes.

So, the vegetation of this riverbed has drastically changed. Before as in this photo taken in 2018, the shown point was adorned with large Caprinus Japonica, Staphylea bumalda, Lindera praecox, Caprinus laxiflora, Japanese Maple, etc.

Now, I could recognize only this ring-cup oak (Quercus glance) without acorns. I’ve heard nation-wide this is a “miss” year for acorns so that bears and wild animals are starving. Some of the bears have come to human settlements and learned how to open refrigerators … It’s a sad story for bears and humans.

Actually, many slopes down to Yadoriki Stream are strewn with debris tumbled down from the surrounding forests. How was it here during Hagibis?

At the moment, the scenes of deep Yadoriki Water Source Forest are for witnessing the power of natural disturbance. Strangely, right next to a havoc by typhoons there remains another slope unaffected ... I felt humble in front of such forest I’ve never seen. It’s Inshallah moment …

If you find environmental issues in Kanagawa Prefecture, please make a contact with Kanagawa Natural Environment Conservation Center 神奈川県自然環境保全センター

657 Nanasawa, Atsugi City, 243-0121

〒243－0121　厚木市七沢657
Phone: 046-248-0323

You can send an enquiry to them by clicking the bottom line of their homepage at http://www.pref.kanagawa.jp/div/1644/

Enjoy while It Lasts: Shinsei Lake 震生湖

This week I tell you another spot to enjoy autumn leaves in Kanagawa Prefecture. It’s popular destination among locals of Hadano City 秦野, but not known as “congested” like temples in Kamakura 鎌倉. Bonus: you can enjoy fishing there. The place is Shinsei Lake 震生湖, the youngest natural lake of Japan, surrounded by a forest. Last year, a vender who rented boats and fishing pier there went out of business so that, it seems to me, you can simply go there and try your luck. For enthusiasts, the lake is well-known to catch 1 feet or more long Japanese crucian carp (Carassius cuvieri) and Black bass (Micropterus). If you cast a line, please be friendly with your fellow anglers. 😀

Go fishing

The place has two free parking lots. When you go fishing, driving would be the best option. Please set your car navigation system to Shinsei Lake of Hadano City. It’s about 10 minutes’ drive from Hadano-Nakai IC of Tomei Express Way. It may be congested to park there during weekends … Having said that, to experience the uniqueness of this lake, it would be better to use public transportation, and do a little hiking. Please get off Odakyu Odawara Line at Hadano and leave the station from the south exit. Go straight the wide road in front of the exit and turn right at a T-crossing. There will be the next T-crossing 50m ahead. Turn left there and keep going along a narrow and winding community road. Soon we’ll meet Imaizumi Meisui Sakura Park 今泉名水桜公園 on our left. Passing by the park, the road ends with the third T-crossing of today. Turn right, then left at the first corner. Go straight to find Imaizumi Shrine 今泉神社 on our right at a relatively large crossing. Turn left and in front of us is Hadano Minai Elementary School 秦野市立南小学校, the school that has a meaning for our itinerary today.

The south exit of Hadano Station

Tourism Info next to the ticket gate of Hadano Station has
 a good collection of free tourism guide in English,
 Chinese, Vietnamese, and Hindu.

The straight road in front of the south exit

A narrow community road from the station

An entrance to Imaizumi Meisui Sakura Park.
 The park was designed by an architect
 Tadao Ando 安藤忠雄 in 2005.
 The place is not big so that you can visit here
 in your itinerary for today if you have time.

Signposts to Shinsei Lake appear along the road

Crossing at Imaizumi Shrine

Hadano Minai Elementary School over there

At the T-crossing of Minami Elementary, please go right, and then turn left at the next T-crossing. Go straight to cross Muro River 室川 and meet with a large Torii structure on your left. It’s an entrance to Shirasasainari Shrine 白笹稲荷神社 where they have an antique fair regularly (; their schedule can be found here). Passing by the shrine, go along the community road, and reach to a wider road at Shirasasainari Traffic Light. Cross the road to enter straight the road in front of you. The way returns to a narrow community route … Now you may think “Ah ha. This is an old village road.” Yap. From the station to this point, roughly 20-30 minutes’ walk, we are welcomed by houses, shrines, vegetable fields and orchards in both sides. Hadano is an old place where Lord of Hatano 波多野氏 governed the area between the 11^th -13^th century. House of Hatano became the founder of several samurai Lords’ family who appeared as supporting characters of Japanese history. Their historical base was here, and people had their village life for millennium. Now we carry on a bit to find a signpost saying “Shinsei Lake this way.” Please ignore this: the route is to a parking lot next to the Lake (; er, well, if you drive, please take this direction). After the sign, we’ll find even narrower community way on our left which seems ending at a private residence. Let’s take this road. Surely, the pavement ends in front of a house, but it continues as a trekking route on a side of a vegetable field. It’s a relaxing strolling path going up. We’ll meet an interesting scenery ahead this way, which says why we have a lake here.

Muro River

An entrance to Shirasasainari Shrine

Shirasasainari Traffic Light.
 Please go straight from here.

Please ignore this signpost,
“Shinsei Lake this way,” and take the right road.

This is our way for today.

This country path climbs up a slope which has a shape like a pudding scooped its side by a spoon. It is a typical structure created by a large landslide. In the middle of the route, after crossing a semi-paved way for utility vehicle, we find a fault scarp on the right that tells geological story of the area. It shows volcanic activity of Mt. Hakone, and large earthquakes that caused a huge slip of land. Mt. Hakone started its last gigantic and consecutive eruption about 130,000 years ago. It spewed out humongous amount of pyroclastic flow of deposits named Tokyo Pumice. Volcanic debris reached thickly even to present-day Yokohama. Hadano is far nearer to Hakone, and so the area has deep layers of Tokyo Pumice. Oh, just a reminder: pumice strata is fragile. On the other hand, the area locates almost above a sticky point between Philippines and North American Plates. Tectonic movement pushes down Philippines Plate slowly below North American Plate, but these gigantic crusts of the planet cannot slide smoothly. Philippines Plate is somehow gummed to the bottom of North American Plate below Sagami Bay 相模湾 to Tanzawa Mountains 丹沢. Consequently, the force to push down the plate accumulates its pressure and pulls down North American Plate with Philippines Plate. When it reaches to a breaking point, North American Plate springs back which is a gigantic earthquake. The fault line we can find here shows such thing happened some 66,000 years ago. It shows disrupted strata of Tokyo Pumice. We meet a fault scarp facing a geographical feature of large landslide. Could you see my point?

First, it’s a trekking road with a view,

then the route is paved for utility cars.

The paved way will depart to narrower un-paved path here.
 Take the un-paved one.

Peaceful veggie field on a typical landslide

The fissure created by the fault was covered by pyroclastic flow,
 and hence looks smooth from above.
 Once a landslide reveals the structure,
 we could recognize a drama of the planet here.

Proceeding 50 or so more meters, we reach to a ridge which is another community road. From here to the north, we can admire mountains of Tanzawa starting from Mt. Oyama 大山 (ASL 1252m) on our right, then Mt. San’no-Toh 三ノ塔 (ASL 1204.7m), Nabewari 鍋割山 (ASL 1272.4m), et al to the left. When in 1923 the Great Kanto Earthquake hit, those mountains of Tanzawa collapsed. The epicenter of the quake is still in debate among academics, and somewhere near Hadano City is one of the candidates. From the photos taken in autumn 1923 at the point we are standing today, the scholars have identified more than 50% of mountain slopes of Tanzawa with deep-seated landslides. Inevitably, the place we are visiting this week suffered enormous calamity here and there. We go right and meet with a wide car road where a larger parking lot for Shinsei Lake situates. In a small hill opposite to the parking there is a stone monument, the Memorial Tower of Buried Girls by the Great Kanto Earthquake. It was at 11:58:32, September 1^st, 1923, the first day after a long summer recess. 2 girls of Hadano Mimami Elementary hurried home for lunch. They were swallowed by monstrous landslide, perhaps, and buried deep. Adults searched for them frantically, but could never recover their remains. So, villagers built a monument there to mourn their girls. The collapsed hills not only engulfed the girls, but also intercepted Ishikisawa Stream 石木沢 that ran in the south of the ridge way we stand now. It created Shinsei Lake, a natural dam.

We’ve reached the ridge way. Let’s turn right here.

The view from the ridge way to Tanzawa mountains.
 I just imagined half the slope of these turned brown
 at once in a fine September noon of 1923.

A parking lot for Shinsei Lake Park

The monument of lost girls

From the point where the memorial stands, let’s go back a bit and find a signpost on our right saying “Entrance to Shinsei Lake Park 震生湖公園入口.” Steps starts here down to the shore of the lake. It’s a steep slope, just like slopes surrounding a man-made dam lake. In less than 10 minutes, we reach to the lake side. It’s the north-west corner of Shinsei Lake whose average altitude at its water surface is ASL 152.7m. When I’ve been there recently, it was after the consecutive torrential rains starting from Typhoon Faxai. The water level of the lake was high. Moreover, in the north-west corner of Shinsei Lake there was swamp like streams pouring water into the lake. Actually, it was a water source of Ishikisawa Stream. The slope surrounding northwest corner of Shinsei Lake has a shape of scooped pudding. The place must have had numerous landslides before. It also means the catchment area of Ishikisawa Stream / Shinsei Lake is contained within such terrain of spoon scoops. According to Mr. Kimio Inoue of Sabo Frontier Foundation 砂防フロンティア整備機構, water for Shinsei Lake gathers from the surrounding 15ha forest without gushing river. As the soil of the area is mainly of porous volcanic debris from Hakone and Mt. Fuji, water seeps in/out the lake slowly underground. Such natural water system works nicely for Shinsei Lake to survive.

The signpost to the shore

The road goes down to

the water source for Ishikisawa Stream.
 When dry, there is no surface flow here,
 and we can walk easily to the other side.
 Mighty super typhoons …

Basically, natural dam is born due to a fragile soil structure of a valley. If a river is dammed by collapsed slopes, aftershocks and rain can quickly destroy the unstable blockade and release stopped water flow. Almost always a collapse of such natural banks brings massive avalanche of earth and rocks with muddy water, which will annihilate several human settlements downstream instantaneously. In Hadano area, there were several villages wiped out in this way when a large typhoon hit two weeks after the Great Kanto Earthquake. It did not happen for Shinsei Lake. Mr. Inoue said the blocked Ishikisawa Stream was tiny and its catchment area did not provide water to the river in volume. The way Shinsei Lake receives water is slow penetration that did not create a force to destroy the natural embankment from the earthquake. Having said that, the mass of soil shut in the water for Shinsei Lake must be large enough to sustain the structure for almost 100 years. We can check it in the southeast corner of the lake.

Lots of people walking around the lake

On average, the lake has 1.6ha of water, roughly 60,000m³, with the deepest point of 9m. The lake shore has a trekking road going around. We can complete it in one hour with a relaxed walk. The water is contained at the southeast corner by a land mass from a collapsed hill which was 5ｍ high before the earthquake. The estimated amount of mudslide was 200,000m³ which is now 500m wide bank. We can observe remnants of a former hill along a road coming to the lakeside parking lot. A slightly higher point from the parking, there is a field for solar panel farm that too has a shape of scooped pudding. Mr. Inoue speculates at the time of Great Kanto Earthquake the “scooped” soil was first levitated en masse, and then slid down at once to the Ishikisawa Stream. “For this amount of soil, the scenario is possible when an acceleration of gravity is more than one. This place could be the epicenter of Great Kanto Earthquake so that such thing might have happened.” WOOOOOOOOW! Present-day remains of mudslide that created Shinsei Lake looks like an ordinary countryside in Kanagawa prefecture, aka a rolling hill of forest, veggie patches and orchards. This hill may have once flied and touched down there. It’s … supernatural.

Next to the parking lot,
 there is Hadano Fukuju Benzaiten Shrine 秦野福寿弁財天.
 We came out of Torii of the shrine
 to reach to the southeast corner of the lake,
 where the parking space is.
 Oh, toilet here is clean, FYI.

The detail of the lake is explained here.

This side of the lake has more feel of “Park.”

The place also locates a monument of Haiku
 written by Torahiko Terada 寺田寅彦
who was a physics professor and
 well-known Haiku poet at Tokyo University.
 Hearing new lake was created
 after the Great Tokyo Earthquake,
 he visited here in 1930 for scientific survey.
 He did not forget to create a poem for the occasion:
 Mountains collapsed, A pond is born, Water is pure
  山さけて　成しける池や　水すまし.
 He is a person who created a Haiku-like aphorism:
 Disasters befall us when we least expect them
  天災は忘れたころにやってくる.
 Indeed.

The solar panel farm.
 Imagine this flat valley was once a hill.
 The entire earth was moved to

dam the stream here. Yeah.
 By the beginning of December,
 this place must have beautiful autumn color …

The remnant of the destroyed hill

Hadano City has a plan to register the lake and the surrounding area as a National Remain of Earthquake, and to invite more tourists. Mr. Inoue said “For that, the City and the Prefecture must reinforce water outlets from the lake coming out from the underground system. There are several of these we have confirmed, but the lake might have more. Proper research and civil engineering works are necessary. You see? Natural dam is possible when the soil is fragile. Very luckily Shinsei Lake lasts this long. But it could suddenly fail before it reaches to the maximum capacity. Say if it rains 500mm consecutively in a short period of time, the water depth of the lake will be 2-3m higher than normal, but not full. Our simulation says it could push the structural limit of the lake over the edge. Catastrophe may happen in Hadano City, neighboring Nakai Town 中井町, and more to the downstream. There are many works to be done for this place to be a National monument.” I was surprised to know the lake does not have Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System (AMEDAS). By watching the depth of water covering rudimentary fisherman’s piers poking out from the shore, people are wondering how much rain the lake received from super typhoons and rains this fall. Hmmmmmmmmmmmmm. Hadano City must begin quickly from the very basics.

From the Haiku monument there is a pedestrian bridge
 to go to the opposite shore.
 The road quickly departs in two ways:
 one goes to a circular road around the lake and

another climbs up to the communities of Nakai Town.

I think this is a part of 500m wide bank
created by the Great Earthquake.
 Now we’re in Nakai Town side.
 The underground of this land has
 complicated natural water system.

The forest covering the slope to Shinsei Lake consists of familiar village vegetation of Kanagawa. Anglers were surrounded by Quercus acutissima, serrata, myrsinifolia, Hydrangea macrophylla, maples, Japanese laurel, lily turf … Surely, when many of them change their leave color and reflect color to the water, it must provide us beautiful vistas for weekend lunch. Large thistles (Cirsium nipponicum var incomptum) are here and there. Thistles are pioneer plants in Japan. Many thistles around Shinsei Lake indicates this is the place where the land collapsed recently. There are 4 old communities surrounding the lake with names with “Kubo 窪:” Ikekubo 池窪, Nakanokubo 中之窪, Kubononiwa 窪之庭, and Shinokubo 篠窪. “Kubo” in Japanese means something hollowed. People of this old community have known their place. I hope Hadano City will start working soon to stabilize the structure … or climate change may bring another series of monstrous typhoons and destroy the lake sooner. As of today, the lake is still welcoming fishing enthusiasts and family picnic for autumn. The place is also known by aficionados for bird watching during winter. Please enjoy the place while it lasts. Honestly.

This is a baby thistle. Cute.

Adults

Ushirokubo Bus Stop we can easily find in Nakai Town side

In three weeks, it will be beautiful …

If you find environmental issues in Kanagawa Prefecture, please make a contact with Kanagawa Natural Environment Conservation Center 神奈川県自然環境保全センター 

657 Nanasawa, Atsugi City, 243-0121
〒243－0121　厚木市七沢657
Phone: 046-248-0323

You can send an enquiry to them by clicking the bottom line of their homepage at http://www.pref.kanagawa.jp/div/1644/