Potato or Rose: Global Warming and Urban Agriculture, Yokohama Style, Shiba Seaside Village of Belssings 柴シーサイド恵みの里

 

First, what’s there in Shiba Seaside Village of Blessings? The place is an amalgam of local farming fields, roughly 3/4 of the area, and public allotments, 1/4. The Village spreads over the ridge of a steep hill whose east slope is housing area of Shiba Town tumbling down to the Tokyo Bay. The other three directions are still forests geographically continuing from Shomyoji Citizen Forest 称名寺市民の森 (; my post for December 4, 2015). The project for Land Improvement District sorted out previously scattered small patches of veggie fields in a forest and widened the cultivable land on the ridge.

The map shown at the admin office

The forest to the east

The professionally cultivated farmlands receive funding from Yokohama Green Tax to organize regular public events. Some are weekly, and the others are seasonal. Every weekend, Saturday and Sunday morning (8:00-) except New Year’s holidays, they hold a farmers’ market in the open space of admin building. I tell you it’s a popular market so that almost all the products are sold out before noon. Seasonally, they have 3 events for farming experience, all from 9:00-14:00 (to register at the admin office: the contact address is at the end of this post). They are

🥔Potato Harvesting

From mid-May to mid-June, except Monday, or until potato is there.

1000 yen per portion


Taro Harvesting

Every Saturday from early-November to mid-December, or until taro is there.

1000 yen per portion (2 clumps … I think it’s a bargain!)


🍊Tangerine Harvesting

From mid-October to the end of November (for Unshuh variety), and the first two weeks of December (for Hayaka variety which is SWEET), or until the fruits are there.

All you can eat in the orchard (with time limit), and you can bring your harvest home.

Elementary school kids + : 1200 yen

3-5 years old: 500 yen

0-2 years old: free

In early October,
tangerines were waiting for the harvest time.

It seems to me one of the farmers are thinking banana
 ... serious?

The Admin Office

The remaining 1/4 of the Village is the allotment gardens managed by JA Yokohama. There are 510 allotments and the cost for renting varies around 10000 yen per year according to the section. The contract duration is 5 years and renewable. In addition to agreeing these basics, the conditions for application are (1) you have to be registered as a resident for the City of Yokohama, (2) one section per family, i.e. you and your spouse must share the same allotment. The renters can build a shed if they like for their tools. In the admin office building, there are shower rooms and rockers for allotmenteers. I met one lady there nurturing her sweet potato. She said “You know, this year was hard for tomato, but I’m fairly content with my bell peppers. The problem is, I love to plant veggies, but my husband wants to have roses. It’s a family problem!” Sure. As of November 30, 2025, there are 46 vacant sections among 510 allotments. If you think to try your veggie in Yokohama, please make a contact with the admin office shown at the end of this post.

Allotment section for Shiba Seaside Village

The water problem of the Village is somehow controlled. By the project, they built a pump house which collects the rainwater and uses groundwater vein. Surely such technological setting was not possible for subsistence farming before the project. Still, especially with the heatwave of this year, everybody had to accommodate with available water. For allotmenteers, the faucet for their section was opened for about 2-3 hours each day during this summer. They had to adjust their daily schedule for tending their plants. That lady told me the JA considerably allocated the water-time mainly for early evenings so that the risk of heatstroke for people was lessened. Still, she said “Well, you know, we’re seriously thinking the veggies we can nurture in summer these couple of years. I’m strongly opposed to my husband’s plan for roses, a heavy drinker.” Er, well. Here is another problem Global Warming can bring to a family table …

The pumping station for the Village

Even so, Shiba Village is a peaceful place. The sections are spreading over (artificially perhaps) mild slope of a hill going down to the sea. The vista is spectacular. One of the personnel for JA Yokohama told me, when he thinks hitting a wall in his work, he always visits here and takes deep breaths in the veggie patches surrounded by forests and sea. What’s in store next for Shiba Village with the new era of Global Warming? No one knows for sure. But at least we locals of Yokohama are thinking whether rose or potato, while harvesting tangerines. 😉

To the Tokyo Bay

The access to Shiba Seaside Village of Blessings is mainly by car. The direction is shown here. With public transportation, the easiest would be from Umino-koen Shibaguchi Station 海の公園柴口 of Kanazawa Seaside Line. You get off the monorail service at the Station and walk a bit to Shiba Fishing Port. Cross the street at Shiba Fishing Port Traffic Light and go straight to the direction of the hill, passing Bakery Bremen and Tairaya Supermarket. Cross another traffic light in front of the Tairaya to the direction of the hill, and start climbing steep slope, higher and higher. Suddenly, you realize you reach the ridge, and the Village is spreading before you. In the middle of the farming field, there is a building which is the admin office.

Umino-koen Shibaguchi Station

The bakery. We go up to the top of the hill over there.

The contact for Shiba Seaside Village of Blessings 柴シーサイド恵みの里 is,

Administration Office, JA Yokohama Shiba Farm
Phone: 045-785-6844
Fax：045-788-8588

Updating a Traditional Life: Miura Peninsula and Shiba Seaside Megumino-sato 柴シーサイド恵みの里

 

To Tenjin-jima Marine Biological Garden 天神島臨海自然教育園, we took bus sneaking through the edge of hills going down to Sagami Bay. Miura Peninsula is basically like this. Hills or petit mountains bear down on the seashore which is mainly rocky. The geography actually starts from Yokohama. Beyond the south border for Yokohama are 4 cities, Fujisawa, Kamakura, Zushi, and Yokosuka. Among them, Kamakura, Zushi, and Yokosuka are geologically a part of the Miura Peninsula, so is the communities in the south Yokohama. They do not have much flat land. Behind the touristic coast are hills where now mainly residential area covers the steep slopes and not so wide ridges. Sometimes, the original forests remain like Mt. Ogusu (; my posts for April 2024) and Hiromachi Ryokuchi (; my posts for March 2025). Before when Japanese economy was mainly of agriculture especially rice cultivation, such given condition of small space for rice paddies was not so enjoyable. Inevitably, old communities in Miura Peninsula traditionally have engaged in fishery and procured agricultural products with cash (Oral Record for Kanagawa’s Table 聞き書き神奈川の食事, in “Collected Works for Japanese Traditional Diet, vol. 14 日本の食生活全集 14,” Toda City, Nobunkyo 農文協, 1992, ISBN 978-4540920028).

Near Marine Biological Garden.
People establish themselves in
 a narrow street run between
the steep slope and seashore.

So there are the Sajima Fishing Port and the ethnographical exhibitions in the museum of Tenjin-jima Marine Biological Garden. This is true even for Yokohama. The City of Yokohama, of 3.8 urban people with a large container terminal for international trade, has a fisheries cooperative, proudly call themselves City of Yokohama Fisheries Cooperative. Guess where their office locates. Yep. At the beginning of geological Miura Peninsula. They are in Shiba Town 柴 of Kanazawa Ward 金沢区. Shiba Town is next to Kanazawa Town where Shomyoji Citizen Forest 称名寺市民の森 (; my post for December 4, 2015) and the remnants of the oldest libraries in Japan, Kanazawa Bunko 金沢文庫. Shiba Town is an old community. In the place we’re going to visit this week they have a Koshin-zuka 庚申塚 built during the 18th century. Koshin-zuka was constructed based on the belief for Taoism imported from China around the 15th century. Taoists said once in 60 days, there comes a day of Koshin when 3 bad worms in human body tattle the bad behavior of their landlord on a mighty god in heaven. To prevent the consequence of such snitch, on the day of Koshin people had a mini festival without sleep. When people had held such worship for 3 years of 60 Koshin days, the community built a monument called Koshin-zuka as a protective diety for the village, warding off the bad spirits to enter. Such folk religion was very common during the 17th and the 18th century, and lots of Koshin-zuka was constructed all over Japan. Now many are removed for development. But if a community is old and old families established themselves there centuries ago, we can find Koshin-zukas (yeah, plural) somewhere. Shiba Town is surely such place with Koshin Zuka.

The yesteryear’s way of life for Sajima Fishing Port

Koshin-zuka for Shiba Community

From the hill for Shomyoji Temple Citizen Forest, the slope rapidly goes down to Tokyo Bay where we can find a popular amusement park called Hakkeijima Sea Paradise 八景島シーパラダイス. In front of the Sea Paradise, there is Shiba Fishing Port with Fisheries Cooperative. People in Shiba has been fishermen for centuries. They also harvested veggies from small field on the ridge, in the forest continuing from Shomyoji Citizen Forest. The fishermen had difficulties to find a place for rice paddies, the most important ag product in Japan and once treated as money for centuries. Villagers of fishing community made do with vegetables for home consumption from the small veggie patches. Their farmland was only in the forest covering the ridge. Water was/is scarce. Industrial revolution gave the fishermen chances to earn cash nearby from office or factory jobs, but they still cannot cultivate rice. Life there was hard. Then, in the second half of the 20th century, the community had influx of new members from housing development. They were/are city rats. The new and old members of Shiba community did not have a contact. Meanwhile, the number of people who engaged in traditional fishery-farming was dwindling. This was Yokohama. If you like, there were/are lots of office and factory jobs. By the way, over there in front of the fishing port is the leading factory of Nissan. Why bother the old thing? The farmlands on the ridge in the forest were neglected, then abandoned.

Shiba Fishing Port

I don’t know what made them change their mind. But the historical fact is like this. The old community of Shiba thought such situation was not good. In 1988, they asked the Prefectural Office help for change. In 1990, the Prefecture designated the ridge area of abandoned farmland and the forest Land Improvement District for agriculture. The Office let the Shiba people form a committee to plan the land improvement project. Next year, actual implementation of the project started, and completed 15 years later in 2006. The work included the idea of minimum disturbance over the ecosystem of water-scarce area. The soil of the area was not moved. The precautionary design was applied for preventing landslides from steep slopes. The area has become a model case for the Prefecture and the City of Yokohama for agricultural development involving the old and new communities of the area. New community? You may think. That’s the point of this place, called Shiba Seaside Megumino-sato 柴シーサイド恵みの里, or Shiba Seaside Village of Blessings. Let’s go there next week😉

Shiba Town is pasted on a very steep hill.

If you have any questions about Yokohama’s Green Tax and Green Up Plan, please make a contact with

Strategic Planning Division, Green Environment Bureau, City of Yokohama
横浜市みどり環境局戦略企画課

Phone: 045-671-2712
FAX: 045-550-4093 

Email: mk-kikaku@city.yokohama.lg.jp

Epilogue: After urbanization and endangered Asarum tamaense Makino

 

Stachyurus praecox in Tama Hill

In 1931, Dr. Tomitaro Makino (; my post on October 27, 2023) named a species of Asarum (; my post on May 6, 2022) found in Kawasaki. It is called Asarum tamaense Makino. As it is in the genus of evergreen Asarum, it loves humid forests with leaves sprout out straight from the ground and flowers with brownish calyx stick to the soil. Asarum can move VERY slowly from the place parent plants locate. Estimated speed of its movement is about 1 or a couple of kilometers per 10 thousand years. i.e., it has time to evolve adjusting to a particular environment where the “original” established (literary) its roots. Actually, Japan has 50 known independent species of Asarum each of which is exclusive to a very limited geographical area, similar to Darwin finches in Galapagos. In 2020, a team of botanists led by Dr. Yudai Okuyama of National Museum of Nature and Science published in Annals of Botany their findings from DNA sequencing for almost all (mainly) Japanese Asarum. They theorized when Japanese archipelago was a part of Eurasian Continent 7 to 10 million years ago, the ancestors of these local Asarum moved from a part of now-China, and diversified their DNA pattern suitable for each distinctive environment where they stay for a very long run. Environments of Japanese humid forest floor can be different even between the neighboring small valleys, and hence we have many species of Japanese Asarum. Asarum contributes to a high biodiversity of Japanese nature.

Asarum tamaense Makino
 in a forest of Kanagawa Prefecture.
I won‘t tell you where I found them.

For the case of Asarum tamaense Makino, it has adjusted the climate of suburban Edo (aka Tokyo) whose soil is fluvial strata created by Tama and Tsurumi Rivers + volcanic ash from Mt. Fuji. DNA-wise it is locally very unique species spreading on the eastern edge of Fossa Magna region. Asarum tamaense was once ubiquitous in Tama Hills and little bit of Sayama Hills. Oh, by the way, it was the area where a massive housing development occurred during the 1960s and the 1970s. Please guess what happened to Asarum tamaense. Nowadays it’s a rare occasion finding Asarum tamaense in local neighbourhoods. Many survived Asarum are in college campuses where professional botanists roam, or in town where the landlords close the access to their land ... Moreover, as Asarum genus loves humid forest floor, drying ground accelerates the demise of their species. For example, if you leave ordinary forest on Tama Hills without proper management, sasa bamboos cover the floor completely. The spread of sasa roots over the surface of ground obstructs rainwater to seep in. Asarum tamaense will die for thirst. Now, Asarum tamaense Makino is nationally designated Endangered Species.

Once
people become not caring about forest floor in Tama Hills,
Sasa bamboos dominate.

The story of Asarum tamaense Makino is related to the issues surrounding Yokohama‘s Citizen Forest, don‘t you think? Normally, they flower in April, but in this boiling climate it might be earlier this year ...

Flowers of Japanese raspberry
which flower the same time as Asarum tamaense Makino.
I took the photo in Tama Hills.

If you have any questions about Yokohama’s Green Tax and Green Up Plan, please make a contact with

Strategic Planning Division, Green Environment Bureau, City of Yokohama
横浜市みどり環境局戦略企画課

Phone: 045-671-2712
FAX: 045-550-4093 

Email: mk-kikaku@city.yokohama.lg.jp

Friends of Friends: Lovers Associations for Yokohama’s Citizen Forest

 

In a sense, the strategic designation of Urbanization Control Area and Lovers Association System are two sides of a coin for Yokohama’s environmental protection. First, the city secures green spaces from rampant urbanization pressure. Then, the policy introduces the forestry and “gardening” by Lovers Association to stop the preserved forests degrading into a damping ground for social nuisance. When the city gave preferential tax treatments for landlords allowing their property to be Control Area, the office put the condition in the contract for the title holders to form or collaborate with “citizen volunteers group” who engage in forest management. As a carrot, the city pays a Lovers Association based on the length of strolling path within the Citizen Forest, where the Lovers are expected to keep it safe for visitors enjoying the forest. By becoming the leader of a Lovers Association, the landlord shares this subsidy with the other members of the Lovers, and says “thank you” to the volunteers maintaining his/her property.

So, the majority of Yokohama’s Citizen Forest has Lovers Association which was formed by landlords, their relatives, and/or old acquaintances. It’s not anomaly for these groups to limit the membership. In this regard, Niiharu is one of the exceptions as the Lovers Association does not have any condition to be a member. Here is the latest list of Yokohama’s Forest Lovers Associations which allows anybody who can join the volunteering. The number of the groups in the catalogue are far smaller than the number of citizen forests and smaller forests registered at the city for environmental protection. Why are many Lovers closed community? The reason is obvious. The land is a private property. Yes, the landlord agreed to open his “garden” to the public for strolling. But yielding saws and sickles within his/her assets is a different matter ... It is already 50 years since the Citizen Forest System was inaugurated. The system has worked well. Yokohama has become a city with green spaces here and there. Yes, landlords are grumbling, but they also have preferential tax treatment and subsidy for maintenance of their estate. In the end it’s not so bad deal, is it?

Unfortunately, the scheme may be approaching a critical point. The culprit is rapid aging of society. Imagine, you landlord is now an octogenarian. You are the leader of a Lovers Association for your forest. The member of your team is long-time friends of yours. You guys have had a good time enjoying large-scale gardening in your asset. And the average age of your team is … octogenarian. Maybe you have kids. They are Hamakko, proud city slickers. They also are not young, maybe in their 40s or 50s, the prime age as working force for Japanese economy, i.e. busy. Yes, they know their dad has not so small land in Yokohama. They will inherit it. But

(1) they are not interested in dirt works of forest management, and/or

(2) they do not want to manage their dad’s human relation in Lovers Association. 

They plan to pay inheritance tax, period. No thank you for continuing dad’s pal-circle. The closed nature of Lovers Association guaranteed a certain level of forestry output, but it has now led to a serious problem of generational change and the resulted labor shortage. Lots of Lovers Association for Citizen Forests face currently the problem of continuation, i.e. sustainable existence.

The city office is in damage control mode. For example, take Jike Citizen Forest (; my post on October 7, 2015) which is, maybe, a property of proud descendants of Samurai with family tradition of at least 900 years. Unfortunately, the forest now does not have a team of Lovers who takes care of the maintenance of ancestral land. It could mean some inheritance incidents would have occurred lately and heirs may have paid their inheritance tax with land ... I don’t know exactly what happened. But one thing is for sure: the City of Yokohama hires professional landscapers to clear the undergrowth along the strolling paths in Jike Forest, which is normally done by Lovers Associations. The office also organizes a couple of “fun forestry day for anybody who can come to the Jike forest” in a year. Is it enough? … Yokohama is in the climate zone for temperate rain forest. The maintenance requires more than a couple of days per year for the forest to be at least comfortable to walk, let alone preserving biodiversity. Jike’s forest is rapidly becoming dark due to overgrowing trees and bushes. Comparing, say, nearby Kurokawa Forest (; my post on December 15, 2024) on the edge of TamaHills, the difference is now apparent. I doubt if the Jike forest maintains variety of living creatures which just a couple of years ago welcomed us in a nicely maintained forest …

Commercial rice cultivation is continued in Jike community.

Though, the forest circling the rice paddies is …

Pro-landscapers mechanically mow the grass
to 1m inside the forest from the path.
Er, OK, good job.

It’s not a unique example. Shomyoji Temple Citizen Forest (; my post on December 4, 2015) does not have Lovers Association either. Masakarigafuchi Citizen Forest (; my post on August 21, 2015) is lucky. When its Lovers Association was seriously preparing for closure, a group of young neighbors happened to visit the forest. They were interested in the forestry work and the retiring guys and the City persuaded them to “inherit” the management of Masakarigafuchi Forest. Not all the forests in Yokohama are so fortunate …

And so, the conclusion comes to the word of “Coordination Saves the World” again. Tokyo was once engulfed with enthusiasm for bulldozers. Now it has only large parks. Yokohama has managed to keep neighborhood greenery in urban environments so far. But we are in the middle of rapid demographic change. In this new world, closed associations cannot achieve even status quo. To sustain our success, we need cooperation of neighbors, especially new and young people next door who have potential to pass the baton for the next 50 years and beyond. The problem is how to find such people. The saving grace is these days kids in Yokohama are taught SDGs in schools and know, at least in textbooks, the importance of sustainable greenery that can lead to poverty reduction and coordination for world peace. Let us see how we can go from here …

If you have any questions about Yokohama’s Green Tax and Green Up Plan, please make a contact with

Strategic Planning Division, Green Environment Bureau, City of Yokohama
横浜市みどり環境局戦略企画課

Phone: 045-671-2712
FAX: 045-550-4093
Email: mk-kikaku@city.yokohama.lg.jp

Open Economy, or Not: sustainable evolution of mycoheterotrophic plants?

 

So, a sort of folk interpretation about the status of orchids says, they are the most advanced plants as they economize the process of eating (and procreating) by utilizing fully mycorrhizal fungus. The spring orchids I listed last week are commonly found in the forests of Kanagawa prefecture, Yokohama included. In addition to beautiful flowers, they have green leaves which could fool people to believe they are not much different from tulips or pansies that can be nurtured easily in ordinary gardens. ... Many people casually dig them up for a flowerpot, which makes them starve without proper soil ecosystem of fungi they critically depend on for nutrition. They are, though, at amateur level with regard to the dependency on ecosystem. There are flowers without leaves altogether during their apparition. Many are called mycoheterotrophic plants. I recently encountered them in forests of our prefecture.

I found all of these plants without leaves have ghostly feature. Their entire body is white, or transparent. At a first glance they could be mistaken for mushrooms. But inspecting them closely, they certainly have flowers with petals, or petal like calyces. They are completely dependent on the underground network of fungi that can transfer nutrition made by the nearby photosynthesising plants. Another common thing among them is they are quite precarious plants. Say, this year we find it in such-a-such place, but it does not guarantee we can meet them at the same place next year. In this regard, those orchids I talked last week have more stable home and we can meet them at more-or-less the same place year after year. Compared to that, it’s like a news flash when we meet mycoheterotrophic plants in a forest. “Look! We can find them this year!!!!” Here are the photos for some of such plants found in Kanagawa Prefecture.

Monotropa uniflora. The photo is near max for the opening of this flower. Its leaves are degraded to scale-like features on its white stem. It comes out from the ground around mid-July, flower to procreate, then bear a so-so hard fruit that will drop near its parent. It’s not in the family of orchid, but in pinesap family. As it is mycoheterotrophic plant the seed should stay near its parent where underground fungi can provide nutrition of survival, I guess.

Hitaeria sikokiana. It is the endangered species at CR level for 2020 Japanese list. It is said it likes natural forest of broad leaves trees. i.e. Its fungi loves such environment. Commercial afforestation with conifers destroyed its world of happy life, and now its survival as a species is at the critical stage ...

Cymbidium nipponicum. This is a photo in which they are still in buds. It’s in EN category for 2020 Japanese List of Endangered species. They still keep some green on their stem, but obviously their ability for photosysnthesis should be minimum. They are in the family of orchid ... so not only their adult version but also dust-like seeds need help from underground fungi for nutrition. It‘s very demanding plant for forests.

Phacellanthus tubiflorus. Its way of receiving nutrition could be a bit different from these flowers above. It has roots that intrude deep into the root of host plant and sucks nutrition directly from it. I guess fungi play some role in it, but I couldn‘t find a research paper that studies such possibility ... Only during the monsoon season of Japan, it comes out from the underground to have flowers like this. The rest of its life is underground attached to the other plant‘s roots. Comparatively speaking, people say it‘s not so picky about the host, but the condition of its survival as a species is not robust ... 2020 list of endangered species for Kanagawa Prefectue does not register it in the list but several prefectures designate it as NT species.

Lecanorchis nigricans Honda var. patipetala Y.Sawa

I noticed these plants may have evolved to utilize fully the environment to get nutrition, but their way of doing it is so demanding for forests. Maybe because of it, they are in the list of “endangered species.” … While I was meeting these curious plants in the forests, the world is going into more and more mess. In my neighbourhood, food prices are getting higher, and shortage of wheat and corn world-wide is affecting the price of bread et al. We’ve noticed we Japanese have very low food self-sufficiency. Ministry of Agreculture, Forestry and Fisheries calculated ours is only 38% in terms of calories ... similar for Shunran. We’re like mycoheterotrophic plants in Japanese forests, utilizing global environment fully and eating what we’ve imported from outside with a help of stable, fungi nope, global supply chain. It’s cozy way to eat while the ecosystem lasts, but once we’re dug up, or the environment is broken, like maritime blockade in the other side of the planet, we soon find we have a problem … Scholars call mycoheterotrophic plants have reached to cul-de-sac of evolution; they are so good at exploit a specific condition, but actually very vulnerable for envorinmental change. Open economy or not; that’s the question for these plants to obtain nutrition. And maybe so do we Japanese.

If you find environmental issues in Kanagawa Prefecture, please make a contact with Kanagawa Natural Environment Conservation Center 神奈川県自然環境保全センター

657 Nanasawa, Atsugi City, 243-0121
〒243－0121　厚木市七沢657
Phone: 046-248-0323

You can send an enquiry to them by clicking the bottom line of their homepage at http://www.pref.kanagawa.jp/div/1644/